托福阅读提分的三大步骤

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，新东方在线托福频道为大家带来托福阅读提分的三大步骤，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福频道!

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来源：太原新东方 曹馨

第一，掌握词汇

在托福考试的备考过程中，词汇是至关重要的，每一道题都和单词息息相关。背单词的根本捷径就是要坚持。首先选择一本乱序的托福词汇书，按计划每天背诵一百个左右，这一百个单词可以分三组来背，早上三十，中午三十，下午三十。记住背完单词之后，当天晚上一定要进行复习和检查，检查的方式可以是英译中，中译英或者听译，整理出没有记住的单词，第二天早晨复习。然后集中刷托福的词汇题，一天刷50题左右，在刷题的过程中积累核心词汇。

第二，熟悉背景知识

很多学生在练习的过程中会遇到内容太陌生的文章，以至于很难投入做题。比如TPO里面有一篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，部分学生觉得读起来很费劲，然而化学专业的学生做起来跟开了外挂一样爽。托福阅读内容的难度是国外大学程度的学术类文章的难度。所以学生在复习备考的过程中，如果时间充足的话，可以对托福阅读所涉及的背景知识多一些了解，扩大知识面，比如读一些 The Economist 的文章。如果时间比较紧张，建议就拿TPO就可以了，通过做TPO了解相关背景知识。做完一篇文章后，还要整体地总结一下文章大意和思路，总结出每一段的段落大意。

第三，运用解题技巧

托福阅读考试一共有十种题型，词汇题，句子简化题，指代题和句子插入题是对核心词汇，句子核心意思和段内结构的考察;细节题，推断题，否定信息题和修辞目的题是对文章细节的考察;六选三和表格题是对文章的分析和总结。

1. 细节题要注意利用关键词定位，关键词选择数字，人名地名和专有名词。找到关键词所在的句子，和选项进行核对的时候注意同义替换，比如：

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals.

In paragraph 1, what does the author say about the presence of a blowhole in cetaceans?

A. It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

B. It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

C. It is the main difference between cetaceans and land-dwelling mammals.

D. It cannot yield clues about the origins of cetaceans.

根据关键词blowhole定位到 and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals，核对选项，conceal 和disguise 同义替换。

2. 句子简化题要求正确选项能够准确表达原句的核心意思，保证逻辑关系不变 (因果，转折，对比，比较，并列)，主体不变和修饰不变。我们可以先从逻辑关系入手，排除一些选项，比如：

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubstence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

A Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the country because Democrates dominated in other areas.

B Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

C The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs" control of the market economy .

D The Democrats" power was greatest in poor areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully opening.

原句的“whereas”表示对比，与之相一致的只有D选项的“while”。

当然，托福阅读的解题技巧还有很多，考生可以通过学习相关课程和进行专项训练来提高阅读分数。